Introduction to Myopia
Myopia is a common vision disorder where nearby objects are clear, but distant objects appear blurry. This happens when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. Due to this distortion, light focuses in front of the retina, causing blurred vision at a distance. This disorder can significantly affect quality of life, especially when it is not properly corrected.
Types of myopia
There are several types of myopia, classified according to their severity:
- Mild myopia : Less than 3 diopters.
- Moderate myopia : From 3 to 6 diopters.
- Severe myopia : Greater than 6 diopters.
Children with myopia tend to see their condition worsen with age, but the progression of myopia usually stabilizes around the twenties.
Symptoms of myopia
Symptoms of myopia can include:
- Eyestrain
- Headaches
- Squinting your eyes to see properly
- Difficulty seeing distant objects such as road signs or blackboards at school
It is essential to have regular eye exams in young children, as they do not always complain of blurred vision.
Causes of myopia
Myopia is caused by an abnormality in the shape of the eye, which prevents light from traveling properly to the retina. This can be caused by:
- A cornea that is too curved
- A longer than normal eye
These factors cause light to focus in front of the retina instead of above, making vision blurry.
Risk factors for myopia
Several factors can increase the risk of developing myopia:
- Genetics : If a parent is nearsighted, there is a greater chance that their child will be myopic too.
- Extended close-up activities : Reading or using digital devices for long periods of time.
- Time spent indoors : Studies show that spending more time outdoors reduces the risk of myopia in children.
Long-term complications of myopia
People with myopia are at increased risk of developing complications such as:
- Retinal detachment : A serious condition that can lead to blindness.
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
It is crucial to see an ophthalmologist regularly to monitor these risks.
Diagnosis of myopia
An ophthalmologist diagnoses myopia during a complete eye exam. The tools used may include:
- Phoroptera: To measure the prescription of glasses.
- Retinoscope : To measure the direction of light inside the eye, especially useful in young children.
Treatment of myopia
Treatment options for myopia include:
- Glasses and contact lenses : They correct vision by focusing light correctly on the retina.
- Refractive Surgery : Options such as LASIK, Epi-LASIK, PRK and SMILE, which reshape the cornea to adjust the focus of light.
Like any surgical procedure, refractive surgery carries risks of complications and side effects.
Prevention of myopia
To prevent or slow the progression of myopia, it is advisable to:
- Encourage children to spend more time outdoors : Exposure to natural light is beneficial for eye health.
- Orthokeratology (ortho-k) : Use of rigid contact lenses to temporarily flatten the cornea.
- Atropine Low-Dose Eye Drops : They slow the progression of myopia in children and adolescents.
- Peripheral Defocus Contact Lenses : Designed to slow down the growth of the eye.
Myopia is an increasingly common visual disorder that can significantly affect quality of life. It is essential to diagnose it early and follow treatment recommendations to minimize its effects. By taking preventive measures, such as notBy spending more time outdoors, and by exploring treatment options, myopia can be effectively managed. See an ophthalmologist regularly to monitor and adjust treatments as needed.
FAQ
What can I expect if I am nearsighted?
Myopia is a permanent condition, but it can be effectively corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Treatments aim to improve your vision and reduce associated symptoms.
How to prevent myopia from getting worse?
While there is no definitive cure for myopia, there are some steps that can help slow its progression:
- Limit screen time and take frequent breaks.
- Work in good light conditions.
- Spend more time outdoors.
- Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes.
- Schedule regular eye exams.
What foods should I eat to keep my eyes as healthy as possible?
A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good eye health. Here are some important nutrients:
- Vitamin A : Found in sweet potatoes, leafy greens, and carrots.
- Vitamin C : Found in citrus fruits, strawberries and broccoli.
- Lutein : Abundant in leafy green vegetables.
When should I see a doctor if I have myopia?
It is crucial to see an ophthalmologist if you notice any changes in your vision. If your children squint frequently or bring objects closer to their faces, make an appointment immediately. Severe symptoms such as sudden vision loss or the appearance of numerous floaters require an emergency consultation.
Does myopia get worse with age?
Myopia can indeed get worse, especially during periods of rapid growth in children and adolescents. In general, it stabilizes around the age of 20. In adults, myopia can also progress due to visual stress or medical conditions such as diabetes or cataracts.
Can myopia be prevented?
There is no foolproof method to prevent myopia, but there are some practices that can reduce the risks:
- Limit activities in near vision.
- Encourage children to spend more time outdoors.
- Eat a diet rich in nutrients that are beneficial to the eyes.
What are the long-term risks of myopia?
People with severe myopia are at increased risk of complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts. Regular eye exams are essential to detect and treat these conditions early.
Can myopia be corrected permanently?
Refractive surgery, such as LASIK, can offer long-lasting correction for myopia. However, like any surgical procedure, it comes with risks and side effects. Talk to your eye doctor to determine if this option is right for you.
What are the signs that myopia is getting worse?
Signs of worsening myopia include increasingly blurred vision of distant objects, frequent headaches, and an increased need to squint to see clearly. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to consult your eye doctor for an adjustment of your vision correction.
